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Systematic Biology 2004 53(5):758-766; doi:10.1080/10635150490522278
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© 2004 Society of Systematic Biologists

Explosive Radiations and the Reliability of Molecular Clocks: Island Endemic Radiations as a Test Case

Lindell Bromham and Megan Woolfit

Centre for the Study of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom; E-mail: lindell{at}sussex.ac.uk (L.B.), M.R.Q.Woolfit{at}sussex.ac.uk (M.W.)

Edited by Bruce Rannala: Associate Editor


  Abstract

The reliability of molecular clocks has been questioned for several key evolutionary radiations on the basis that the clock might run fast in explosive radiations. Molecular date estimates for the radiations of metazoan phyla (the Cambrian explosion) and modern orders of mammals and birds are in many cases twice as old as the palaeontological evidence would suggest. Could some aspect of explosive radiations speed the molecular clock, making molecular date estimates too old? Here we use 19 independent instances of recent explosive radiations of island endemic taxa as a model system for testing the proposed influence of rapid adaptive radiation on the rate of molecular evolution. These radiations are often characterized by many of the potential mechanisms for fast rates in explosive radiations—such as small population size, elevated speciation rate, rapid rate of morphological change, release from previous ecological constraints, and adaptation to new niches—and represent a wide variety of species, islands, and genes. However, we find no evidence of a consistent increase in rates in island taxa compared to their mainland relatives, and therefore find no support for the hypothesis that the molecular clock runs fast in explosive radiations.

Keywords: Adaptive radiation; Cambrian explosion; molecular dates; phylogeny; speciation; substitution rate

Received October 12, 2003; Revised April 3, 2004; Accepted July 11, 2004
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