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Systematic Zoology Advance Access published online on July 3, 2009
Systematic Zoology, doi:10.1093/sysbio/syp030
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© Society of Systematic Biologists

Hybrid Origins and Homoploid Reticulate Evolution within Heliosperma (Sileneae, Caryophyllaceae)—A Multigene Phylogenetic Approach with Relative Dating

Bozo Frajman1,2,*, Frida Eggens1 and Bengt Oxelman1,3

1 Department of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
2 Biology Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
3 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg University, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; E-mail: bengt.oxelman{at}dpes.gu.se

* Correspondence to be sent to: Biology Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; E-mail: bozo.frajman{at}bf.uni-lj.si.


  Abstract

We used four potentially unlinked nuclear DNA regions from the gene family encoding the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerases, as well as the psbE-petG spacer and the rps16 intron from the chloroplast genome, to evaluate the origin of and relationships within Heliosperma (Sileneae, Caryophyllaceae). Relative dates of divergence times are used to discriminate between hybridization and gene duplication/loss as alternative explanations for topological conflicts between gene trees. The observed incongruent relationships among the three major lineages of Heliosperma are better explained by homoploid hybridization than by gene duplication/losses because species branching events exceed gene coalescence times under biologically reasonable population sizes and generation times, making lineage sorting an unlikely explanation. The origin of Heliosperma is complex and the gene trees likely reflect both reticulate evolution and sorting events. At least two lineages have been involved in the origin of Heliosperma, one most closely related to the ancestor of Viscaria and Atocion and the other to Eudianthe and/or Petrocoptis.

Keywords: BEAST; homoploid hybridization; incongruence; lineage sorting; PATHd8; r8s; relative dating; RPA2; RPB2; RPD2

Received April 4, 2008; Revised June 9, 2009; Accepted May 6, 2009

Associate Editor: Susanne Renner


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